
关于
Spring Boot 架构模式、REST API 设计、分层服务、数据访问、缓存、异步处理和日志。用于 Java Spring Boot 后端工作。
name: springboot-patterns description: Spring Boot 架构模式、REST API 设计、分层服务、数据访问、缓存、异步处理和日志。用于 Java Spring Boot 后端开发。 origin: ECC
Spring Boot 开发模式
用于可扩展、生产级服务的 Spring Boot 架构和 API 模式。
何时激活
- 使用 Spring MVC 或 WebFlux 构建 REST API
- 构建 controller → service → repository 分层结构
- 配置 Spring Data JPA、缓存或异步处理
- 添加验证、异常处理或分页
- 为 dev/staging/production 环境设置 profiles
- 使用 Spring Events 或 Kafka 实现事件驱动模式
REST API 结构
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api/markets")
@Validated
class MarketController {
private final MarketService marketService;
MarketController(MarketService marketService) {
this.marketService = marketService;
}
@GetMapping
ResponseEntity<Page<MarketResponse>> list(
@RequestParam(defaultValue = "0") int page,
@RequestParam(defaultValue = "20") int size) {
Page<Market> markets = marketService.list(PageRequest.of(page, size));
return ResponseEntity.ok(markets.map(MarketResponse::from));
}
@PostMapping
ResponseEntity<MarketResponse> create(@Valid @RequestBody CreateMarketRequest request) {
Market market = marketService.create(request);
return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.CREATED).body(MarketResponse.from(market));
}
}
Repository 模式(Spring Data JPA)
public interface MarketRepository extends JpaRepository<MarketEntity, Long> {
@Query("select m from MarketEntity m where m.status = :status order by m.volume desc")
List<MarketEntity> findActive(@Param("status") MarketStatus status, Pageable pageable);
}
带事务的 Service 层
@Service
public class MarketService {
private final MarketRepository repo;
public MarketService(MarketRepository repo) {
this.repo = repo;
}
@Transactional
public Market create(CreateMarketRequest request) {
MarketEntity entity = MarketEntity.from(request);
MarketEntity saved = repo.save(entity);
return Market.from(saved);
}
}
DTO 和验证
public record CreateMarketRequest(
@NotBlank @Size(max = 200) String name,
@NotBlank @Size(max = 2000) String description,
@NotNull @FutureOrPresent Instant endDate,
@NotEmpty List<@NotBlank String> categories) {}
public record MarketResponse(Long id, String name, MarketStatus status) {
static MarketResponse from(Market market) {
return new MarketResponse(market.id(), market.name(), market.status());
}
}
异常处理
@ControllerAdvice
class GlobalExceptionHandler {
@ExceptionHandler(MethodArgumentNotValidException.class)
ResponseEntity<ApiError> handleValidation(MethodArgumentNotValidException ex) {
String message = ex.getBindingResult().getFieldErrors().stream()
.map(e -> e.getField() + ": " + e.getDefaultMessage())
.collect(Collectors.joining(", "));
return ResponseEntity.badRequest().body(ApiError.validation(message));
}
@ExceptionHandler(AccessDeniedException.class)
ResponseEntity<ApiError> handleAccessDenied() {
return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.FORBIDDEN).body(ApiError.of("Forbidden"));
}
@ExceptionHandler(Exception.class)
ResponseEntity<ApiError> handleGeneric(Exception ex) {
// 记录带有堆栈跟踪的意外错误
return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR)
.body(ApiError.of("Internal server error"));
}
}
缓存
需要在配置类上添加 @EnableCaching。
@Service
public class MarketCacheService {
private final MarketRepository repo;
public MarketCacheService(MarketRepository repo) {
this.repo = repo;
}
@Cacheable(value = "market", key = "#id")
public Market getById(Long id) {
return repo.findById(id)
.map(Market::from)
.orElseThrow(() -> new EntityNotFoundException("Market not found"));
}
@CacheEvict(value = "market", key = "#id")
public void evict(Long id) {}
}
异步处理
需要在配置类上添加 @EnableAsync。
@Service
public class NotificationService {
@Async
public CompletableFuture<Void> sendAsync(Notification notification) {
// send email/SMS
return CompletableFuture.completedFuture(null);
}
}
日志(SLF4J)
@Service
public class ReportService {
private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ReportService.class);
public Report generate(Long marketId) {
log.info("generate_report marketId={}", marketId);
try {
// logic
} catch (Exception ex) {
log.error("generate_report_failed marketId={}", marketId, ex);
throw ex;
}
return new Report();
}
}
中间件 / 过滤器
@Component
public class RequestLoggingFilter extends O
兼容工具
Claude CodeCursor
标签
后端开发

