---

name: azure-security-keyvault-keys-java description: "Azure Key Vault 密钥 Java SDK，用于加密密钥管理。适用于创建、管理或使用 RSA/EC 密钥，执行加密/解密/签名/验证操作，或使用 HSM 支持的密钥。" risk: unknown source: community date_added: "2026-02-27"

Azure Key Vault 密钥（Java）

在 Azure Key Vault 和托管 HSM 中管理加密密钥并执行加密操作。

安装

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.azure</groupId>
    <artifactId>azure-security-keyvault-keys</artifactId>
    <version>4.9.0</version>
</dependency>

创建客户端

import com.azure.security.keyvault.keys.KeyClient;
import com.azure.security.keyvault.keys.KeyClientBuilder;
import com.azure.security.keyvault.keys.cryptography.CryptographyClient;
import com.azure.security.keyvault.keys.cryptography.CryptographyClientBuilder;
import com.azure.identity.DefaultAzureCredentialBuilder;

// Key management client
KeyClient keyClient = new KeyClientBuilder()
    .vaultUrl("https://<vault-name>.vault.azure.net")
    .credential(new DefaultAzureCredentialBuilder().build())
    .buildClient();

// Async client
KeyAsyncClient keyAsyncClient = new KeyClientBuilder()
    .vaultUrl("https://<vault-name>.vault.azure.net")
    .credential(new DefaultAzureCredentialBuilder().build())
    .buildAsyncClient();

// Cryptography client (for encrypt/decrypt/sign/verify)
CryptographyClient cryptoClient = new CryptographyClientBuilder()
    .keyIdentifier("https://<vault-name>.vault.azure.net/keys/<key-name>/<key-version>")
    .credential(new DefaultAzureCredentialBuilder().build())
    .buildClient();

密钥类型

| 类型 | 描述 | |------|-------------| | RSA | RSA 密钥（2048、3072、4096 位） | | RSA_HSM | HSM 中的 RSA 密钥 | | EC | 椭圆曲线密钥 | | EC_HSM | HSM 中的椭圆曲线密钥 | | OCT | 对称密钥（仅限托管 HSM） | | OCT_HSM | HSM 中的对称密钥 |

创建密钥

创建 RSA 密钥

import com.azure.security.keyvault.keys.models.*;

// Simple RSA key
KeyVaultKey rsaKey = keyClient.createRsaKey(new CreateRsaKeyOptions("my-rsa-key")
    .setKeySize(2048));

System.out.println("Key name: " + rsaKey.getName());
System.out.println("Key ID: " + rsaKey.getId());
System.out.println("Key type: " + rsaKey.getKeyType());

// RSA key with options
KeyVaultKey rsaKeyWithOptions = keyClient.createRsaKey(new CreateRsaKeyOptions("my-rsa-key-2")
    .setKeySize(4096)
    .setExpiresOn(OffsetDateTime.now().plusYears(1))
    .setNotBefore(OffsetDateTime.now())
    .setEnabled(true)
    .setKeyOperations(KeyOperation.ENCRYPT, KeyOperation.DECRYPT, 
                       KeyOperation.WRAP_KEY, KeyOperation.UNWRAP_KEY)
    .setTags(Map.of("environment", "production")));

// HSM-backed RSA key
KeyVaultKey hsmKey = keyClient.createRsaKey(new CreateRsaKeyOptions("my-hsm-key")
    .setKeySize(2048)
    .setHardwareProtected(true));

创建 EC 密钥

// EC key with P-256 curve
KeyVaultKey ecKey = keyClient.createEcKey(new CreateEcKeyOptions("my-ec-key")
    .setCurveName(KeyCurveName.P_256));

// EC key with other curves
KeyVaultKey ecKey384 = keyClient.createEcKey(new CreateEcKeyOptions("my-ec-key-384")
    .setCurveName(KeyCurveName.P_384));

KeyVaultKey ecKey521 = keyClient.createEcKey(new CreateEcKeyOptions("my-ec-key-521")
    .setCurveName(KeyCurveName.P_521));

// HSM-backed EC key
KeyVaultKey ecHsmKey = keyClient.createEcKey(new CreateEcKeyOptions("my-ec-hsm-key")
    .setCurveName(KeyCurveName.P_256)
    .setHardwareProtected(true));

创建对称密钥（仅限托管 HSM）

KeyVaultKey octKey = keyClient.createOctKey(new CreateOctKeyOptions("my-symmetric-key")
    .setKeySize(256)
    .setHardwareProtected(true));

获取密钥

// Get latest version
KeyVaultKey key = keyClient.getKey("my-key");

// Get specific version
KeyVaultKey keyVersion = keyClient.getKey("my-key", "<version-id>");

// Get only key properties (no key material)
KeyProperties keyProps = keyClient.getKey("my-key").getProperties();

更新密钥属性

KeyVaultKey key = keyClient.getKey("my-key");

// Update properties
key.getProperties()
    .setEnabled(false)
    .setExpiresOn(OffsetDateTime.now().plusMonths(6))
    .setTags(Map.of("status", "archived"));

KeyVaultKey updatedKey = keyClient.updateKeyProperties(key.getProperties(),
    KeyOperation.ENCRYPT, KeyOperation.DECRYPT);

列出密钥

import com.azure.core.util.paging.PagedIterable;

// List all keys
for (KeyProperties keyProps : keyClient.listPropertiesOfKeys()) {
    System.out.println("Key: " + keyProps.getName());
    System.out.println("  Enabled: " + keyProps.isEnabled());
    System.out.println("  Created: " + keyProps.getCreatedOn());
}

// List key versions
for (KeyProperties version : keyClient.listPropertiesOfKeyVersions("my-key")) {
    System.out.println("Version: " + version.getVersion());
    System.out.println("  Created: " + version.getCreatedOn());
}