---

name: istio-traffic-management description: "生产环境服务网格部署的 Istio 流量管理综合指南。" risk: unknown source: community date_added: "2026-02-27"

Istio 流量管理

生产环境服务网格部署的 Istio 流量管理综合指南。

不要在以下情况使用此技能

• 任务与 Istio 流量管理无关
• 你需要此范围之外的不同领域或工具

指导原则

• 明确目标、约束和所需输入。
• 应用相关最佳实践并验证结果。
• 提供可操作的步骤和验证。
• 如果需要详细示例，打开 resources/implementation-playbook.md。

何时使用此技能

• 配置服务间路由
• 实现金丝雀或蓝绿部署
• 设置熔断器和重试
• 负载均衡配置
• 用于测试的流量镜像
• 用于混沌工程的故障注入

核心概念

1. 流量管理资源

| 资源 | 用途 | 范围 | |----------|---------|-------| | VirtualService | 将流量路由到目标 | 基于主机 | | DestinationRule | 定义路由后的策略 | 基于服务 | | Gateway | 配置入口/出口 | 集群边缘 | | ServiceEntry | 添加外部服务 | 网格范围 |

2. 流量流向

Client → Gateway → VirtualService → DestinationRule → Service
                   (routing)        (policies)        (pods)

模板

模板 1：基本路由

apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1beta1
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: reviews-route
  namespace: bookinfo
spec:
  hosts:
    - reviews
  http:
    - match:
        - headers:
            end-user:
              exact: jason
      route:
        - destination:
            host: reviews
            subset: v2
    - route:
        - destination:
            host: reviews
            subset: v1
---
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1beta1
kind: DestinationRule
metadata:
  name: reviews-destination
  namespace: bookinfo
spec:
  host: reviews
  subsets:
    - name: v1
      labels:
        version: v1
    - name: v2
      labels:
        version: v2
    - name: v3
      labels:
        version: v3

模板 2：金丝雀部署

apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1beta1
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: my-service-canary
spec:
  hosts:
    - my-service
  http:
    - route:
        - destination:
            host: my-service
            subset: stable
          weight: 90
        - destination:
            host: my-service
            subset: canary
          weight: 10
---
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1beta1
kind: DestinationRule
metadata:
  name: my-service-dr
spec:
  host: my-service
  trafficPolicy:
    connectionPool:
      tcp:
        maxConnections: 100
      http:
        h2UpgradePolicy: UPGRADE
        http1MaxPendingRequests: 100
        http2MaxRequests: 1000
  subsets:
    - name: stable
      labels:
        version: stable
    - name: canary
      labels:
        version: canary

模板 3：熔断器

apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1beta1
kind: DestinationRule
metadata:
  name: circuit-breaker
spec:
  host: my-service
  trafficPolicy:
    connectionPool:
      tcp:
        maxConnections: 100
      http:
        http1MaxPendingRequests: 100
        http2MaxRequests: 1000
        maxRequestsPerConnection: 10
        maxRetries: 3
    outlierDetection:
      consecutive5xxErrors: 5
      interval: 30s
      baseEjectionTime: 30s
      maxEjectionPercent: 50
      minHealthPercent: 30

模板 4：重试和超时

apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1beta1
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: ratings-retry
spec:
  hosts:
    - ratings
  http:
    - route:
        - destination:
            host: ratings
      timeout: 10s
      retries:
        attempts: 3
        perTryTimeout: 3s
        retryOn: connect-failure,refused-stream,unavailable,cancelled,retriable-4xx,503
        retryRemoteLocalities: true

模板 5：流量镜像

apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1beta1
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: mirror-traffic
spec:
  hosts:
    - my-service
  http:
    - route:
        - destination:
            host: my-service
            subset: v1
      mirror:
        host: my-service
        subset: v2
      mirrorPercentage:
        value: 100.0

模板 6：故障注入

apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1beta1
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: fault-injection
spec:
  hosts:
    - ratings
  http:
    - fault:
        delay:
          percentage:
            value: 10
          fixedDelay: 5s
        abort:
          percentage:
            value: 5
          httpStatus: 503
      route:
        - destination:
            host: ratings

模板 7：入口网关

apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1beta1
kind: Gateway
metadata:
  name: my-gateway
spec:
  selector:
    istio: ingressgateway
  servers:
    - port:
        number: 443
        name: https
        protocol: HTTPS
      tls:
        mode: SIMPLE
        credentialName: my-tls-secret
      hosts:
        - "*.example.com"