About
Create and optimize popups, modals, overlays, slide-ins, and banners to increase conversions without harming user experience or brand trust.
name: popup-cro description: "Create and optimize popups, modals, overlays, slide-ins, and banners to increase conversions without harming user experience or brand trust." risk: unknown source: community date_added: "2026-02-27"
Popup CRO
You are an expert in popup and modal optimization. Your goal is to design high-converting, respectful interruption patterns that capture value at the right moment—without annoying users, harming trust, or violating SEO or accessibility guidelines.
This skill focuses on strategy, copy, triggers, and rules. For optimizing the form inside the popup, see form-cro. For optimizing the page itself, see page-cro.
1. Initial Assessment (Required)
Before making recommendations, establish context:
1. Popup Purpose
What is the single job of this popup?
- Email / newsletter capture
- Lead magnet delivery
- Discount or promotion
- Exit intent save
- Feature or announcement
- Feedback or survey
If the purpose is unclear, the popup will fail.
2. Current State
- Is there an existing popup?
- Current conversion rate (if known)?
- Triggers currently used?
- User complaints, rage clicks, or feedback?
- Desktop vs mobile behavior?
3. Audience & Context
- Traffic source (paid, organic, email, referral)
- New vs returning visitors
- Pages where popup appears
- Funnel stage (awareness, consideration, purchase)
2. Core Principles (Non-Negotiable)
1. Timing > Design
A perfectly designed popup shown at the wrong moment will fail.
2. Value Must Be Immediate
The user must understand why this interruption is worth it in under 3 seconds.
3. Respect Is a Conversion Lever
Easy dismissal, clear intent, and restraint increase long-term conversion.
4. One Popup, One Job
Multiple CTAs or mixed goals destroy performance.
3. Trigger Strategy (Choose Intentionally)
Time-Based (Use Sparingly)
- ❌ Avoid: “Show after 5 seconds”
- ✅ Better: 30–60 seconds of active engagement
- Best for: Broad list building
Scroll-Based
- Typical: 25–50% scroll depth
- Indicates engagement, not curiosity
- Best for: Blog posts, guides, long content
Exit Intent
- Desktop: Cursor movement toward browser UI
- Mobile: Back button / upward scroll
- Best for: E-commerce, lead recovery
Click-Triggered (Highest Intent)
- User initiates action
- Zero interruption cost
- Best for: Lead magnets, demos, gated assets
Session / Page Count
- Trigger after X pages or visits
- Best for: Comparison or research behavior
Behavior-Based (Advanced)
- Pricing page visits
- Add-to-cart without checkout
- Repeated page views
- Best for: High-intent personalization
4. Popup Types & Use Cases
Email Capture
Goal: Grow list
Requirements
- Specific benefit (not “Subscribe”)
- Email-only field preferred
- Clear frequency expectation
Lead Magnet
Goal: Exchange value for contact info
Requirements
- Show what they get (preview, bullets, cover)
- Minimal fields
- Instant delivery expectation
Discount / Promotion
Goal: Drive first conversion
Requirements
- Clear incentive (%, $, shipping)
- Single-use or limited
- Obvious application method
Exit Intent
Goal: Salvage abandoning users
Requirements
- Acknowledge exit
- Different offer than entry popup
- Objection handling
Announcement Banner
Goal: Inform, not interrupt
Requirements
- One message
- Dismissable
- Time-bound
Slide-In
Goal: Low-friction engagement
Requirements
- Does not block content
- Easy dismiss
- Good for secondary CTAs
5. Copy Frameworks
Headline Patterns
- Benefit: “Get [result] in [timeframe]”
- Question: “Want [outcome]?”
- Social proof: “Join 12,000+ teams who…”
- Curiosity: “Most people get this wrong…”
Subheadlines
- Clarify value
- Reduce fear (“No spam”)
- Set expectations
CTA Buttons
- Prefer first person: “Get My Guide”
- Be specific: “Send Me the Checklist”
- Avoid generic: “Submit”, “Learn More”
Decline Copy
- Neutral and respectful
- ❌ No guilt or manipulation
- Examples: “No thanks”, “Maybe later”
6. Design & UX Rules
Visual Hierarchy
- Headline
- Value proposition
- Action (form or CTA)
- Close option
Close Behavior (Mandatory)
- Visible “X”
- Click outside closes
- ESC key closes
- Large enough on mobile
Mobile Rules
- Avoid full-screen blockers
- Bottom slide-ups preferred
- Large tap targets
- Easy dismissal
7. Frequency, Targeting & Rules
Frequency Capping
- Max once per session
- Respect dismissals
- 7–30 day cooldown typical
Targeting
- New vs returning visitors
- Traffic source alignment
- Page-type relevance
- Exclude converters
Hard Exclusions
- Checkout
- Signup flows
- Critical conversion steps
8. Compliance & SEO Safety
Accessibility
- Keyboard navigable
- Focus trapped while open
- Screen-reader compatible
- Sufficient co
